Homosexuality Is a Mental Illness Essay -- Argumentative Essay

Homosexuality Is a Mental Illness The historical backdrop of gay or same sex relationships has been long in the entire world. A large portion of the western social orders in the early time endured it. Amazingly, they went to a degree of commending a similar sex connections and relationships. In antiquated Rome, there are confirmations of a similar sex relationships yet their verification isn't clear. Same sex relationships can likewise be followed in medieval Europe and furthermore the old Greece. There are likewise some different confirmations of gay relationships among Africans Native Americans. There have been a ton of confirmations which shows that homo sexual want has been recorded from early stage times in the east piece of the globe. This longing is the explanation for gay associations, ordinarily between men. It over and again remembered some variety for age. There has been uncommon data on connections among ladies in early occasions. This could be on the grounds that ladies were not rewarded with equivalent status with men, to such an extent that while men were allowed to rehearse sexual and sentimental joy both without and inside marriage, ladies were not permitted (www.gay-workmanship history.org). In China, Male love was very energized particularly in Fujian, the southern region. Men would wed young people in modern services. These relationships would keep going long. At the last piece of this marriage, the senior accomplice would enable the more youthful accomplice to locate a female spouse with the goal that he could settle down and start a family. At the west, antiquated Greece gives us the principal western records with respect to gay connections. In antiquated Greece, gay connections and relationships were a standard in the general public. Luckily, these connections didn't substitute marriage among lady and a man, however happened alongside or before it. During Hellenic occasions in Europ... ...s profound quality. Since time in remembrance, same sex relationship is considered improper and it will stay indecent for eternity. Permitting this thing to happen straightforwardly is to send an unfortunate message to God, the individuals and the mental stability will have been sabotaged. This conflicts with divine beings educating and as per the blessed Bible; it is similar reasons that made Sodom and Gomorrah to be burned to the ground. Something very similar can even now happen today. References: Eric M. Rodriguez (2010). At the Intersection of Church and Gay: A Review of the Psychological Research on Gay and Lesbian Christians. Diary of Homosexuality.1-35 Ralph E. Roughton, (2002) MD. Reconsidering homosexuality. What It Teaches Us About Psychoanaysis. Diary of the American Psychoanalytic Association. The world history of gay love. Recovered on seventh December 2010 from www.gay-craftsmanship history.org

Exploring the Ideal Everyday Environment :: Essays Papers

Investigating the Ideal Everyday Environment The regular is most effortlessly seen as a daily schedule: the events and reoccurrences of an individual’s every day life. An individual by and large wakes in the mornings, goes to work or goes to class, fills their evenings with tasks and exercises, gets back, and resigns to bed late in the nights. They become concentrated on this example of the regular and most everybody in the public eye lives by such an example. Be that as it may, it is not necessarily the case that all citizenry experience the equivalent ordinary, and there is greater multifaceted nature that lies past a regular everyday practice. Every individual lives in an ordinary world unalike some other. No two individuals carry on with the equivalent regular day to day existence. Hence, it is regarded significant that the ordinary is seen and considered for an enormous scope. The enormous scope frequently utilized is the city or the city. A city situation takes into account the regularly to exist abundantly, and al ong these lines, permits the ordinarily to flourish. Contrasts in regular day to day existence can be investigated from individual to individual. The ordinary is frequently investigated in a city setting thus. In any case, would it be able to be contended then that they regular just exists inside the city? Does a regular occur outside of the city? It is my conviction from my examinations that the ordinary really happens just inside the city, and the nation or rustic regions is the place a less unpredictable routine occurs. Individuals live routine lives in the nation, yet the routine isn't enormous enough for perception while considering the ordinary. Urban territories are the best spot for the ordinarily to happen in light of the fact that it takes into account coordinated effort of routine lives with the stun of the irregular. Various perceptions of routine lives take into consideration the ordinarily to be seen so as to reach inferences about the regular and to characterize the o rdinary. The stuns that happen in the city permit investigators to see the impact and to report changes such socks have on a general public. Envision individuals hectically strolling down the road and think about each person’s individual regular day to day existence while watching the stuns of the unusual. In this, the regular is being knowledgeable about the coercion to the city. The city, as the best area for the ordinarily to happen, can be

The power of determination (true story)

The power of determination (true story) A true story about athlete Glenn Cunningham who was horribly burned in a schoolhouse fire at the age of 8. Doctors predicted he would never walk again. Determined to walk, Glenn would throw himself off his wheelchair and pull his body across the yard and along a fence. Twenty-two months later, he took his first steps and through sheer determination, learned to run despite the painThe little country schoolhouse was heated by an old-fashioned, pot-bellied coal stove. A little boy had the job of coming to school early each day to start the fire and warm the room before his teacher and his classmates arrived.One morning they arrived to find the schoolhouse engulfed in flames. They dragged the unconscious little boy out of the flaming building more dead than alive. He had major burns over the lower half of his body and was taken to a nearby county hospital. From his bed the dreadfully burned, semi-conscious little boy faintly heard the doctor talking to his mother. The doctor told his mo ther that her son would surely die which was for the best, really for the terrible fire had devastated the lower half of his body.But the brave boy didnt want to die. He made up his mind that he would survive. Somehow, to the amazement of the physician, he did survive. When the mortal danger was past, he again heard the doctor and his mother speaking quietly. The mother was told that since the fire had destroyed so much flesh in the lower part of his body, it would almost be better if he had died, since he was doomed to be a lifetime cripple with no use at all of his lower limbs.Once more the brave boy made up his mind. He would not be a cripple. He would walk. But unfortunately from the waist down, he had no motor ability. His thin legs just dangled there, all but lifeless.Ultimately he was released from the hospital. Every day his mother would massage his little legs, but there was no feeling, no control, nothing. Yet his determination that he would walk was as strong as ever.Wh en he wasnt in bed, he was confined to a wheelchair. One sunny day his mother wheeled him out into the yard to get some fresh air. This day, instead of sitting there, he threw himself from the chair. He pulled himself across the grass, dragging his legs behind him.He worked his way to the white picket fence bordering their lot. With great effort, he raised himself up on the fence. Then, stake by stake, he began dragging himself along the fence, resolved that he would walk. He started to do this every day until he wore a smooth path all around the yard beside the fence. There was nothing he wanted more than to develop life in those legs.Ultimately through his daily massages, his iron persistence and his resolute determination, he did develop the ability to stand up, then to walk haltingly, then to walk by himself and then to run.He began to walk to school, then to run to school, to run for the sheer joy of running. Later in college he made the track team.Still later in Madison Squa re Garden this young man who was not expected to survive, who would surely never walk, who could never hope to run this determined young man, Dr. Glenn Cunningham, ran the worlds fastest mile**!Story Told By Burt Dubin, Developer of Speaking Success System.**On June 16, 1934, Glenn Cunningham ran the mile in 4:06.8 minutes, breaking the world’s record. His effort portrays that whatever you want to create in your life is yours for the making. As long as you desire it enough and allow your will to guide you, you can have and be whatever your heart desires. The only one that can put limits on our personal will is ourselves. Develop and encourage your will to create and all the forces of nature within and without will help you bring your desire to pass.Life Summary:8 years old, was horribly burned in a schoolhouse fire. Doctors predicted he would never walk again.22 months later, took his first steps and through sheer determination, learned to run despite the pain.In high school, set records for the mile and later attended Kansas University.While at Kansas, refused all scholarship money, preferring to pay his own way.By sophomore year, ran the 1,500 meter race at the 1932 Olympics, but finished fourth due to a severe cold.By senior year, set a world record for the mile of 4:06.8 and held seven of the top 13 fastest recorded times for the mile.In 1936, voted Most Popular Athlete by his fellow athletes.He went on to earn a masters degree from University of Iowa and later a doctorate from New York University.While in New York, won 21 of 31 races at Madison Square Gardens and set an indoor mile record there in 1938. His fastest mile time was 4:04.4 at a Dartmouth track meet in 1938.When the 1940 Olympics were cancelled, he retired from his running career and taught at Cornell College in Iowa.During World War II, he served two years in the Navy.Spent the remainder of his life running the Glenn Cunningham Youth Ranch for troubled kids in Kansas, USA. It is estimated that he and his wife raised around 9,000 kids on their ranch in the years until his death in 1988.Glenn Cunningham Images:Cunningham at 1936 Games.Glenn Cunningham and Wife at Their Range.More Reading:Glenn Cunningham (Wikipedia)

Volunteering in my Towns Food Pantry - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1247 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/04/08 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Volunteer Essay Did you like this example? Volunteering in my Towns Food Pantry What was observed during the experience? My son and I volunteer at the local food pantry at least one day a week. During my volunteering service, I got to observe how things work out between the county government and the local food pantry. Also, I noticed that we were more than 20 local businesses and other organizations provided food and other donations to the local food pantry but it only at certain times of the year, typically near the holidays. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Volunteering in my Towns Food Pantry" essay for you Create order I observed that the donations handled out by the county to the local food pantry was not enough to feed the needy families. The bulk of the food donations came from private citizens. It was amazing to see that there are so many people in my community that are dedicated to those in need and not just around the holidays but on a monthly basis. In a month, our food panty feeds approximately 700 families. However, there are months that the food donations seem to fall short and we cant always provide enough food for each family to feed all their members properly. This issue needs to be addressed. During my volunteering experience, I got to observe the importance of helping in the community. Volunteering is a service that helps many groups of people in society who prove to need our help and support. I learned that our voluntary services helped the needy families by providing them with food and other household supplies. I also observed that the county government played an important role, it provides the building space used to run the food pantry. Thus, the government involvement in the community showcases that it is part of a strategy that helps eradicate hunger among the needy families. Additionally, the county government involvement in this program displays how people in a community should work together to eradicate other challenges that may arise. How did the experience affect you? My experience being a volunteer greatly affected my views on helping others. Through my experience, I acquired some skills and knowledge on how to deal with people who need our help and support. It is a humbling experience and it makes me realize how truly blessed we are. In this case, my experience affected my thinking and views towards how helping others in society is truly important. I have learned that it is more than just handing bags of food to people. It helped me realize that no one wants to be in a situation where they cannot afford food and other basic needs for their family. I cant imagine how some of the parents feel walking into a building and asking another person for help and admitting they cant take care of their family on their own. This experience helped my son realize the importance of helping those in our community when they cant help themselves and what it means to be a good neighbor. Working in the food pantry also helped me understand the issues affecting my community and what I can do to help to improve the quality of life for my neighbors. I believe to create real change we must get as many people as possible involved. Every week my son and I invite friends to join us at the food pantry. Volunteering helps to inform people about what changes need to be advocated in the society. Additionally, voluntary services are known to inform people on what issues or challenges affect their community. People need to fully understand the environmental, economic and social issues that affect society (Basirico, Cashion and Eshleman, 2014). Thus, understanding the in-depth causes of the problems can help establish effective strategies that can eradicate the issues in the society. Other than understanding the issue, volunteering also helps create a bond with other people working and living our communities. Establishing relationships with other people who work towards eradicating or controlling societal problems. Through the experience acquired, I learned that social problems could be controlled through people working together in unity. In other words, strategies and measures that control societal issues can be achieved through people working together that helps establish possible solutions. Therefore, young people should use their potential to help the needy people in the society. What are the needs of the population that you interacted with for this assignment? My voluntary service was directed toward serving needy families that require food and other basic resources. Based on the situation faced, the needy families require important things that can help control their needs. It does not necessarily mean that people who lack basic resources are needy in society. However, the families, in this case, are needy and still require some resources that can help improve their living standards. Other than food, volunteers should also donate other essentials, such as clothing, soaps and sanitary products to the needy families. I believe that donating time can be just as important as donating basic resources. The food pantry I volunteer always needs people to help sort incoming donations, On the other hand, the county government can also help ensure that the needy families are offered tents which they can use as shelter. Some of the families being fed by the volunteering program are believed not to have any place to stay. Therefore, volunteers can also opt to donate some tents for the homeless families that can act as their temporary shelter. In some cases, society can also donate medicine and other drugs that can help when the need arises. Additionally, clean water should also be provided to the families as it is part of the necessary needs that they lack. In this case, needs such as clean water, sanitary wares, clothes, and soaps tend to be necessities that should be offered to the needy families. How can you help make a difference with this group? Being in this volunteering group can help make a difference towards the families. As a member, I can advocate for the group to make posters that create awareness for other people about the voluntary services that take place at the local food pantry. Other than that, I can advocate for the group to conduct a weekly contribution which they involve other people from society to raise enough donations for the families. Additionally, I can recommend the group to be always keeping a record of the food donated to the local food pantry. Through the records, the group can have an idea of what food are present and which ones need to be brought in the local pantry. To make a difference in the group, I would encourage other volunteers to be working extra hours on the weekends if possible. In this case, working extra hours at the weekend can help organize food on the pantry shelves. Also, extra working hours can help save time that could have been used somewhere else by the volunteers. Encouragement will also help me make a difference in the group since it will help the volunteers identify that helping the needy in the society is humane and good morals. Therefore, voluntary services are always established to help and support people in society (Rochester, Paine, Howlett, Zimmeck Paine, 2016). In other cases, volunteering help eradicates or control societal issues that face individuals in the community. References Basirico, L.A., Cashion, B.G., Eshleman, J.R (2014). Introduction to Sociology. BVT Publishing. Rochester, C., Paine, A. E., Howlett, S., Zimmeck, M., Paine, A. E. (2016). Volunteering and Society in the 21st Century. Springer.

Mass Incarceration Is Defined As The Substantial Increase

Mass incarceration is defined as the substantial increase in the number of Americans, particularly men of color, imprisoned within the last forty years. Despite its intentions to serve justice, the system is flawed; the physical freedom, possessions, and educational/career opportunities for inmates are limited during and after imprisonment. Lockeian ideology provides insight into how our criminal justice system has come to operate in this way. In John Locke’s Second Treatise of Government, Locke outlines two different types of slavery: justified and unjustified. His definition of justified slavery, which is critical to this paper, states that if a lawful conqueror is defending his or herself against an aggressor and wins, he or she has a†¦show more content†¦Following release, they lose the right to vote, access to public housing, eligibility for federal grants and loans, and a wide span of career options. While people of any race can be incarcerated, there is a dispr oportionate impact on low-income communities of color. Additionally, while mass incarceration is not an inherited status, children of inmates are three times more likely than other children to have a run-in with the law (Conway Jones 2014). In essence, given that mass incarceration exhibits many of the same characteristics and impacts as American slavery, it appears to be an extension of the previous system. Understandably, the correlation between American slavery and mass incarceration might seem uncanny because prisoners are not owned by anyone else. However, slaves and prisoners experience a similar loss of liberties and possessions, which is the defining characteristic of enslavement. Locke’s distinction between unjustified and justified slavery helps to solidify the interrelationship between American slavery and present-day mass incarceration. Locke’s account of unjustified slavery explains historical slavery in the United States of America. In the Second Treatis e of Government, Locke explains the contradiction between slavery and the preservation of property (i.e. life, liberty, and possessions). He clearly states that no one can choose to enslave oneself because of theShow MoreRelatedThe Moral And Ethical Treatment Of Being Respected And Treated Humanely1702 Words   |  7 PagesDignity is often defined as an individual’s deservedness to be respected and treated humanely, as an individual possessing worthiness at the most general level. From my perspective, dignity is the nourishment and affirmation of one’s self-worth; in other words, fuel that every human possesses and should have preserved to remain fully human. However, prominent 19th century social reformers like Jeremy Bentham were critical of the notion that prisoners ought to possess declared rights. Bentham thoughtRead MoreThe Incarceration Of The United States1519 Words   |  7 Pagesthe United States of America have been on a steady decline, however, the number of people in the United States under some form of correctional control is reaching towering heights and reaching record proportions. In the last thirty years, the incarceration rates in the United States has skyrocketed; the numbers roughly quadrupled from around five hundred thousand to more than 2 million people. (NAACP)In a speech on criminal justice at Columbia University, Hillary Clinton notes that, â€Å"It’s a starkRead MoreDignity Is The Foundation Of Our American Criminal Justice System1732 Words   |  7 Pagesoperations of the prison system. In Brown V. Plata, Anthony Kennedy reasoned that dignity should be the foundation of our American Criminal Justice system. As I will discuss in the following paragraphs, Brown V. 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This report garnered much media attention and isRead MoreThe Ethical Treatment of Prisoners3418 Words   |  14 Pagesconfinement) in the context of a more general examination of the difficulty of public ethics as such, it will be possible to see how determining the ethical treatment of prisoners depends upon a kind of utilitarian ethics motivated towards a clearly defined goal, something which is sorely lacking in the current world of crime and punishment. To begin it is necessary to flesh out the discussion of different modes of ethical thought described above, because understanding the inherent conflict of ethicalRead MoreThe Legalization Of Medical Marijuana2985 Words   |  12 Pagesas well as the changes in ideology in recent years with regards to drugs and drug users will likely lead to a shift in how North America as a culture chooses to handle the problems and woes of drug culture. 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Love and Courtship in Shakespeare’s Day Compared to Modern...

Love and courtship in Shakespeare’s day compared to modern views on love and courtship. During the renaissance the Europeans saw love and courtship as two different yet important parts of life. It concerned expectations of families and communities, not just the longings of the couple. Shakespeare’s ‘Midsummer Night Dream’ gives us a clear view of a typical situation when couples fall in love and defy the rules. In the play there are four characters (Hermia, Helena, Lysander and Demetrius) all of which fall into one big love catastrophe. Both Lysander and Demetrius loved Hermia at the beginning of the play, Hermia loved Lysander and Helena loved Demetrius, as the play goes on both Lysander and Demetrius fall in love†¦show more content†¦In comparism dating is a much informal way to get to know you’re beloved. It is a private affair between two people who arranged to meet somewhere, usually in public. Such dates can be watching a movie in the theaters or having a meal together in a restaurant. Dating is a situation where the people get a chance to find out whether they are suited for each other before getting to know each other in a spiritual intellect. Dating can engage romantic talk, kissing, making out, and sometimes sex. Even without the preventive rules of courting dating can often lead to permanent relationships and latter on marriage. Overall dating is a product of a modern day society and is a generally evolved with behavior that has developed as a result of sexual freedom and disposing of religious, ethical and social standards. Every now and then A few Renaissance couples, ran away to be married in secret. They did this so they can marry for love. Defiant couples faced greater obstacles to elopement because many Anglican communities required parental consent. This applied especially for couples below certain ages. No matter how strict the rules were there were always some clever couples who managed to bypass them. In the play midsummer’s night dream Hermia and Lysander run away after hermias father Egeus gives his consent to Demetrius ‘Demetrius, stand forth. My noble lord, this man hath my consent to marryShow MoreRelatedThe Representation of Women in Much Ado About Nothing Essay1492 Words   |  6 PagesThe Representation of Women in Much Ado About Nothing The female characters who are in the play are all present and involved in Act2 Scene1, which makes it the perfect situation to describe Shakespeares portrayal of women in Much Ado About Nothing. Hero can be easily compared with Beatrice being of a similar class and very close relatives. Then you have the characters of Margaret and Ursula, the servants, who are also very comparable and show a portrayal of women inRead More Aspects of a Sonnet Essay2511 Words   |  11 PagesGlobe Theatre from 1599. His 154 sonnets were originally published in 1609 but it is argued that they were mostly written in the 1590s, often expressed strong feeling within an exquisitely controlled form. His sonnets portrayed a strong sense of love and passion but it has always been a high topic of debate as to whom these sonnets were dedicated to. The question of whether Shakespeare was a bi-sexual has never been answered. Shakespeare uses very emotive words in his sonnets, which capturesRead MoreAN ANALYSIS PAPER ON ANTON CHEKHOV’S THE SEAGULL AND THE CHERRY ORCHARD12092 Words   |  49 Pagesto: Mrs. Joneth D. Vibar Submitted by: Vincent del Castillo IV-St.Francis of Assisi Outline of Analysis 1 Author’s Style 1.1 Anton Chekhov as a Playwright and Author of Short Stories 1.1.1 Russia’s best known Modern Playwright 1.1.1 Master of the Modern Short Story 1.2 Anton Chekhov and his Influences 1.2.1 Nineteenth Century Russia 1.2.2 His Contemporaries 1.2.2.1 Anton Chekhov and Leo Tolstoy 1.3 Anton Chekhov’s Mood Literature 1

Sedentary Behavior and Cognitive Development †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Sedentary Behavior and Cognitive Development. Answer: Introduction: Child development is a process, which includes various sequences. However, physical, emotional, language, and thought changes occur during the development of the child (Moore 2017). Child development refers to the development of the children from their birth to adulthood. During this developmental phase, children become independent and reduce their dependency on their parents. Genetic factors and events of parental life influence child development. On the other hand, learning capacity of the children and environmental factors also influence the child development process. Different practices such as therapeutic intervention and home-based practices accelerate the child development. During this developmental period, the children start to learn and social interaction takes place. Child development also includes language development. Children learn how to use language and communicating with individuals. Development of physical skill and sensory awareness are the other aspects of child de velopment. Early literacy skill is significant for children as it helps them to learn how to read. Early literacy skill enhances the vocabulary of children as a result; the children develop a good understanding regarding different words (Xu et al. 2017). Letter knowledge can be developed through early literacy skill. In kindergarten school, early literacy skill is developed. Development of sound awareness and phonological skill are other significances of early literacy skill in child development. Development of narrative skill is another positive outcome of early literacy skill. This skill allows the children to describe the stories and event of life, which enhances their learning capacity. Early literacy skill builds the conversation capacity of the children. Therefore, children can develop their reading and writing skill through their early literacy skill. Identification of the children's need for early literacy skill Children have developmental needs that lead them to acquire early literacy skill. Development of social skill is one of the basic needs of children. In order to become a functioning member of the society, children need to adopt social skill. Hence, development of social skill is one major aspect of early literacy skill. By acquiring social skill children are able to make an interaction with the people (Lonigan et al. 2017). Children can communicate their ideas by developing their early literacy skill. Establishment of career ability is another need of children. To become a functional adult's children need to learn various things that are present in their school and outside of the schools. By discovering their talents children are able to develop early literacy skill. Development of internal skill is another need for children which can be done acquiring early literacy skill. Internal skill helps the children to deal with the difficulties. In order to identify the developmental needs of children, it is important for the parents to have an in-depth understanding the present learning stage of children. Therefore, by using strong observation parents can identify the learning needs of the children (Purpura et al. 2017). On the other hand, proper monitoring process is helpful to detect the developmental needs of the children. Apart from this partnership working with the educators and parents will be helpful to identify the early literacy skill development needs of children. Role of a teacher in major task analysis and solution development Task analysis refers to a fundamental tool that focuses on teaching the skill. For a teacher, it is important to provide sufficient support to the children to enhance their learning ability by doing the task (Vandenbroucke et al. 2017). The teachers need to apply their language skill while analyzing the task. The task needs to split into small segments as it will be easier for the children to understand. For the teacher, it is crucial to define the task by using their skill then collect authentic data based on this task. Proper investigation is required during the task analysis. Therefore, the teachers need to consider their all skills while analyzing a major task. Review and monitoring are necessary for the analysis of the task. Teachers have to monitor the performance of children in order to measure their learning capacity. During the analysis of major task, the teacher or educator needs to identify which child has strong learning capacity and which has not. In order to develop a s olution the teacher first need to identify the problem. After identification of the problem solution will be developed based on the nature of a problem. To develop a problem-based solution development of a preliminary framework is important. Therefore, the teachers can implement an action plan based on child development problem. Language is the central area of academic career. Without having good language skill students are not able to make sense of their reading. Therefore, the students can communicate their understanding of any subject by using their language skill. Language skill helps the students to develop a clear understanding of their study material. Therefore, to enhance the vocabulary language skill is crucial for the students. In order to gain success in academic career, the students need to communicate properly and to generate a clear idea regarding their subjects (Ribot et al. 2017). Hence, language skill enables the students to communicate their learning needs to their professor. Writing is an essential part of an academic career. Thus, to write a good academic paper student need to acquire good language skill. Language skill helps the students to write a good paper in their own language without doing any plagiarism (Haley et al. 2017). Good language skill enables the students to work more prod uctively with others by establishing an effective communication with others. Hence, it can be said that language skill is helpful for the students to enhance their reading and writing capacity. Establishment of good language skill allows the students to explore their knowledge in an academic career. On the other hand, acquiring academic language students get success in their content area. Academic language is considered as the most important factor to achieve success in academic career. Thus, for every student gaining knowledge of the academic language will be an effective approach to get a good grade in their academic career. Frequency of the language problem in the early years Talking is important for every child as it strengthens their communication ability and speaking capacity. However, in early childhood language problem often takes place if the children fail to adopt early literacy skill (Carson et al. 2015). Often the children are not able to find the right words and to form a clear sentence at their early stage. Study shows that pre-school children often face language problem at their early stage of life. On the other hand, often the children are not able to understand the speech of other persons due to difficulties in their language. Lack of proper guidance is a major reason that leads the children to face language difficulties. Children at age group of 3 to 4 have very basic vocabulary. Therefore, the children use short, incomplete and ungrammatical sentences through which they are not able to express their feelings (Yew and OKearney 2015). At early childhood, children are not able to follow the conversation, which focuses on their language difficulties. Hence, it can be said that the frequency of language problem in early year is high among the children. Children face different types of language issues at their early stage of life such as receptive language issue, mixed receptive-expressive language issue, and expressive language issue. Often children at age group of 5-6 face receptive language issue as they are not able to understand other's speech. Children at 3 to 4 years face expressive language issue as they are not able to express their ideas and thoughts. Apart from this many children have both receptive and expressive language issue, which can be reduced by undertaking proper language development practices. Early language and literacy development Early language and literacy development take place between 1 to 3 years age group of children. Such early language and literacy development is associated with the children's experience with the stories and books (August and Shanahan 2017). According to various research studies, children develop an experiential and interactive process of written language and learning spoken skill at their early stage of life. However, children can develop their reading and writing skill before they enter in a school. On the other hand, children can communicate with people by using social literacy inside and outside of their school. Therefore, children interact with older people and their friends, which also enhance their literacy skill. Interaction with other people by using literacy materials and books allows the children to develop their literacy skill and language skill. By developing positive interaction with people children can develop their literacy skill. On the other continuous attachment with the literacy materials helps the children to develop their language skill. Hence, it can be said that early literacy skill and language are developed among the children at early years before they go to their school. Age group Preferences in Book 0.1 year Small sized books board books along with photos of baby colored book, books having much picture books contains pictures that can be touched 1-2 year Sturdy board books books include familiar elements books with more picture and less words rhymes book goodnight books etc 2-3 year Books with specific pictures with specific name funny books silly books board pages book books include children and family information books include animal, food and other interesting objects Simple story books Books with shapes and alphabets Table 1: List of book preferences from infant to toddler age (Source: Roskos 2017) Young children have various preferences in books based on their different age group. As for example, between theb6 to 12 months children prefer small books with numerous pictures. However, during this time the children have no ability to read a book thus they give their focus on pictures that are present in a book (Roskos 2017). Board and brightly colored books are preferred by the children at this age. However, at this age group the brain of children are not developed properly thus, they are not able to read and right. They have no capacity to understand the meaning of words present in a book. Hence, books having more pictures are liked by this age group of children. Younger toddler age group of 12 to 24 months likes books, which include familiar things such as eating, playing sleeping etc. This age group prefers books having more pictures with less word. Children like simple rhymes book at this age. On the other hand, books include small meaningful word are liked by this age group. During this period children's brain is developed more and they are able to understand the meaning of small words that are mentioned in their books. Therefore, children at the age group of 24 to 36 months have more developed brain in comparison to previous age groups (Uccelli et al. 2018). Thus, they prefer books having more pictures with short information. In this age children are able to read and write. Therefore, they are able to understand the meaning of sentences in a book. This toddler group likes silly book, funny book, and books that include different information based on different objects. Early literacy behavior of infant and toddlers Early literacy skill helps the children to develop their literacy. Infant and toddlers start to learn the process of reading and writing by using their early literacy skill. At the very early years that are in infant age children start to show book handling and book mounting behavior (Jung 2018). Turning and chewing of the book pages are done by children during book handling. This behavior also called physical manipulation. During the infancy, such type of behavior can be observed among the children. During the toddler age, children show story comprehension behavior. At this time children are able to understand the pictures and express various actions by watching this picture. Looking and recognizing the information in a book is another early literacy behavior of toddler age. Through this behavior, children are able to recognize the picture in a book. Story reading behavior is observed in toddler age. This behavior shows the verbal interaction of children with their book and they are able to understand the meaning of language that is written in a book. References Moore, R.C., 2017. Childhood's domain: Play and place in child development (Vol. 6). Routledge. Xu, Y., Farver, J.A.M. and Krieg, A., 2017. The home environment and Asian immigrant childrens early literacy skills. Parenting, 17(2), pp.104-123. Lonigan, C.J., Allan, D.M. and Phillips, B.M., 2017. 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